Symbols & Numbers | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Index: C

c function (for changing directories): 31.10. cd by Directory Initials

C language

C mode for programming in Emacs: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

csh shell: 1.6. There Are Many Shells

1.6. There Are Many Shells

interoperability of programs on different Unix systems: 1.3. The Core of Unix

lexical analyzer for syntax checking: 16.8. Looking for Closure

program file extensions: 1.12. Filename Extensions

1.12. Filename Extensions

tcsh shell: 1.6. There Are Many Shells

1.6. There Are Many Shells

C shell (csh): 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

27.1. What the Shell Does

27.3.3. Types of Shells

27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

(see also shell scripts; shells; tcsh shell)

{ } (pattern-expansion characters), building strings with: 28.4. Build Strings with { }

{ and } and ; (with find command): 9.9. Running Commands on What You Find

!^ and !$, specifying first and last arguments on previous line: 32.5. Regular Expressions: The Anchor Characters ^ and $

aliases: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases

if-then-else in: 29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias

with command-line arguments: 29.3. C-Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments

arrays: 9.23.1. Using the Stored Lists

expanding ranges: 9.23.2. Expanding Ranges

avoiding alias loops: 29.8. Avoiding C-Shell Alias Loops

background processing: 23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell

built-in string operators: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

choosing among built-in commands, external commands, or shell functions: 27.10. Which One Will the C Shell Use?

command history (see history of commands)

configuration files: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?

aliases: 3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files?

csh command name: 5.6.5. Aborting Programs

.cshrc file: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

current directory, updating in status line: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

defining variables: 35.9. Shell Variables

editing history and variable substitutions: 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

environment variables, unsetting: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

eval command: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

exit status of previous command: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

forcing to use internal exit command: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?

foreach loop: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop

globbing (wildcard expansion): 33.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell

:gt operator: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

history (see history of commands)

history characters: 30.15. Changing History Characters with histchars

history file: 30.12.2. C Shells

ignoreeof shell variable: 4.19. Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts

limiting file size: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit

.login file

TERM variable, testing: 3.11. Terminal Setup: Testing TERM

.logout file: 4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out

multiline commands: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts

passing command history to: 30.13. Pass History to Another Shell

port, testing: 3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port

prompt

% in: 1.7. Which Shell Am I Running?

problems caused by: 4.5. C-Shell Prompt Causes Problems in vi, rsh, etc.

setting: 4.2. Static Prompts

quotation marks around filenames: 10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files

quoting in: 27.13. Differences Between Bourne and C Shell Quoting

here documents: 27.16. Here Documents

rules for: 27.13.2. How Quoting Works

showing with verbose and echo settings: 27.15. Verbose and Echo Settings Show Quoting

special characters: 27.13.1. Special Characters

special characters in filenames: 27.14. Quoting Special Characters in Filenames

redirecting standard I/O: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

43.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too?

noclobber variable: 43.6. Safe I/O Redirection with noclobber

rehash command: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

repeating commands with repeat command: 28.8. Repeating Commands

script file extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions

search path for commands, changing: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

sed newlines quoting and backslashes in shell script: 34.24. sed Newlines, Quoting, and Backslashes in a Shell Script

set echo verbose command: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

special characters/operators in: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators

su -f stucklogin command: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

cable modems

DHCP and: 46.10. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

firewalls: 46.12. Firewalls

gateways: 46.11. Gateways and NAT

cache, DNS: 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)

cancel command (System V): 45.2.2. lp-Style Printing Commands

canonical hostname: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting

capitalization (see case)

CAPS LOCK key: 6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap

18.10. Typing in Uppercase Without CAPS LOCK

capturing in patterns: 41.7. Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching

carriage returns

Macintosh, ASCII character for: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

translating to newlines: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr

case

case-insensitive searches, faking: 13.12. Faking Case-Insensitive Searches

case-insensitive sorts: 22.6.3. Case-Insensitive Sorts

case sensitivity: 1.11. Filenames

converting to/from uppercase or lowercase: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr

(see also tr command)

awk utility: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

dd utility: 21.13. Text Conversion with dd

filtering vi text through tr command: 17.18. Filtering Text Through a Unix Command

sed transform command: 34.15. Transforming Part of a Line

ispell program and: 16.2. Check Spelling Interactively with ispell

:l operator: 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

lc operator: 41.5.1. Scalars

sort command, sort order: 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting

:u operator: 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

uc operator: 41.5.1. Scalars

uppercase letters in vi character and line commands: 17.26. vi Line Commands Versus Character Commands

uppercase without CAPS LOCK in vi: 18.10. Typing in Uppercase Without CAPS LOCK

vi and ex editors, capitalizing words: 17.16. Capitalizing Every Word on a Line

case statements: 3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals

3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals

adding to .profile to test TERM variable: 3.11. Terminal Setup: Testing TERM

debugging: 37.1.4. Missing or Extra esac, ;;, fi, etc.

port, testing: 3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port

testing exit status for commands: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement

testing pathnames for calling a script: 36.8. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

testing tty name: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

testing two strings using: 36.25. Testing Two Strings with One case Statement

in while loop, handling arguments with: 35.22. Handling Arguments with while and shift

wildcard pattern matching: 35.11. Pattern Matching in case Statements

in xmessage command line: 36.26. Outputting Text to an X Window

cat command: 1.4. Communication with Unix

12.2. What Good Is a cat?

-e option, marking ends of lines with $: 8.11. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name

-n option: 12.13. Numbering Lines

-s option, squashing extra blank lines: 12.7. Squash Extra Blank Lines

-t and -e options, displaying whitespace: 12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c

-v -e options: 32.5. Regular Expressions: The Anchor Characters ^ and $

-v -t and -e options, displaying whitespace: 12.5. What's in That Whitespace?

-v option: 8.6.1. Trying It

12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c

creating mail header with: 21.12.2. MIME Encoding

exit status, testing: 35.14. Testing Your Success

file, adding to end of another file: 27.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files

for loops combined with: 36.11. Standard Input to a for Loop

redirecting I/O: 43.2. One Argument with a cat Isn't Enough

starting pipelines: 43.2. One Argument with a cat Isn't Enough

CBLKWID (comment block width) environment variable: 21.4.1. The recomment Script

cd command: 1.9. Internal and External Commands

4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

31.3. What Good Is a Current Directory?

aliases for: 31.9. Quick cds with Aliases

cdpath variable and: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath

+n and -n options (zsh): 31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands

PWD environment variable and: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

CD-ROMs: 44.1. Quick Introduction to Hardware

cdrom protocol: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File

loopback mounts: 44.7. Loopback Mounts

mounting: 44.5. Filesystem Types and /etc/fstab

44.6. Mounting and Unmounting Removable Filesystems

cdable_vars shell variable: 31.12. Marking Your Place with a Shell Variable

CDPATH environment variable: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath

cdpath shell variable: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath

centering lines, script for: 21.8. Centering Lines in a File

CERT

intruder detection checklist: 48.7. Intruder Detection

safely setting up anonymous FTP, guide for: 46.7. Configuring an Anonymous FTP Server

security checklists: 48.2. CERT Security Checklists

security vulnerabilities, information about: 48.3. Keeping Up with Security Alerts

CGI scripts, Python module for: 42.4. Python and the Web

42.8. cgi

cgrep script: 13.9. A Multiline Context grep Using sed

34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines

chain of processes to a window: 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window

change command (ex): 20.4. Useful ex Commands

change times for files: 8.2. The Three Unix File Times

inode information: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u

find -ctime, accessing with: 9.5. Searching for Old Files

character classes

for ASCII characters: 5.14. Defining What Makes Up a Word for Selection Purposes

defining in Perl regular expressions: 41.7. Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching

character commands in vi: 17.26. vi Line Commands Versus Character Commands

character sets (in regular expressions): 32.4. Using Metacharacters in Regular Expressions

exceptions to, indicating with [^ ]: 32.9. Regular Expressions: Exceptions in a Character Set

matching a character with: 32.6. Regular Expressions: Matching a Character with a Character Set

repeating with *: 32.10. Regular Expressions: Repeating Character Sets with *

character strings (see strings)

characters

converting with tr command: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

counting with tail -c command: 12.9. Finer Control on tail

counting with wc command: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc

16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc

deleting from a file with dd: 21.6. Low-Level File Butchery with dd

deleting in Emacs: 19.1. Emacs: The Other Editor

nonprintable

displaying with od c command: 12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c

nonprinting: 8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames

(see also special characters)

showing with cat -v or od -c: 12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c

ranges of, specifying for regular expressions: 32.8. Regular Expressions: Specifying a Range of Characters with [...]

special (see special characters)

translating with tr command: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr

charClass resource (xterm): 5.14. Defining What Makes Up a Word for Selection Purposes

checkout command (co) in RCS: 39.5. RCS Basics

checkout, CVS repository: 39.7. CVS Basics

checksed script: 34.4.1. checksed

chess script: 28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd

chgrp command: 1.17. File Access Permissions

child processes: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

changes to environment of: 24.4. Subshells

environment variables, inheritance of: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

exit status returned to parent: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

file descriptors given to: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

killing parent of: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill

relationship to parent: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

signals and: 24.11. Killing Foreground Jobs

child signal: 24.10. What Are Signals?

CHLD (child) signal: 24.10. What Are Signals?

chmod command: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission

= operator: 50.6. The Handy chmod = Operator

-R option: 50.6. The Handy chmod = Operator

changing permissions for directory tree: 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission

adding and subtracting permissions: 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission

go-w bin, write access to bin directory: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

go+rx bin to give other users access to bin directory: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

numeric mode: 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission

permissions, changing: 50.2.1. User, Group, and World

symbolic modes: 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission

chmod function (Perl): 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix

chopping columns out of a file: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages

chown command: 50.15. How to Change File Ownership Without chown

chown function (Perl): 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix

Christiansen, Tom: 43.2. One Argument with a cat Isn't Enough

chroot, anonymous FTP connections: 46.7. Configuring an Anonymous FTP Server

ci (checkin) command (RCS): 39.5. RCS Basics

Citrix: 47.9. Citrix: Making Windows Multiuser

Metaframe: 47.9. Citrix: Making Windows Multiuser

47.9.1. Citrix Metaframe

class methods (Python): 42.3.3. Everything's an Object

class of objects, application resources associated with: 6.3. X Resource Syntax

class variables (Python): 42.3.3. Everything's an Object

classes (Python): 42.3.3. Everything's an Object

clean alias, removing stale files with: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

cleanup script: 14.19. Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files

clear command: 4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out

clear text SMB passwords: 47.3. Securing Samba

CLICOLOR environment variable: 8.6.4. Another color ls

clients

ICA: 47.9.1. Citrix Metaframe

Python as web client: 42.4. Python and the Web

RDP, for Unix (rdesktop): 47.9.2. rdesktop

RDP, HOBLink JWT: 47.9.3. Hob

remote, starting for X window systems: 6.10. Starting Remote X Clients

from interactive logins: 6.10.1. Starting Remote X Clients from Interactive Logins

with rsh and ssh: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

SSH, problems with: 51.7. Server and Client Problems

Unix VNC, connecting to Windows server: 47.7.1. Connecting to a Windows VNC server

VNC (Virtual Network Computing): 47.7. Sharing Desktops with VNC

CLIPBOARD selection (xterm): 5.19. Working with xclipboard

clock in Unix: 37.6. How Unix Keeps Time

close( ) method (for Perl objects): 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

close command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

closing windows

by exiting the shell: 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window

by killing window processes: 24.22. Close a Window by Killing Its Process(es)

cmd field in crontab entries: 25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

cmp operator (Perl): 41.5.1. Scalars

cmp program: 11.7. cmp and diff

co (checkout) command (RCS): 39.5. RCS Basics

-j option, merging file versions with: 39.5. RCS Basics

-p option, sending file to standard output: 39.5. RCS Basics

Collinson, Peter: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.

color

displaying names of with ls command: 8.6. Color ls

in shell prompts: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts

LS_COLORS environment variable: 8.6.2. Configuring It

35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

columns

chopping out of a file: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages

column utility, creating with: 21.16. Make Columns Automatically with column

rebalancing into table with variable-width columns: 21.16. Make Columns Automatically with column

cutting: 21.14. Cutting Columns or Fields

ls -C command, listing output in: 8.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R

8.10. Useful ls Aliases

pasting data into: 21.18. Pasting Things in Columns

searching files for character in: 13.13. Finding a Character in a Column

straightening: 21.17. Straightening Jagged Columns

text in, with pr command: 21.15. Making Text in Columns with pr

COLUMNS environment variable: 3.16. Terminal Setup: Testing Window Size

comma (,) in filenames: 1.11. Filenames

comma, Òfat commaÓ operator (=>): 41.5.3. Hashes

command characters (see special characters)

command command, disabling shell function lookup: 27.9. Which One Will bash Use?

command directories: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

command editing mode: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

command interpreters (see shells)

command line: 28.1. What's Special About the Unix Command Line

aliases for arguments: 29.3. C-Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments

as shell scripts: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

awk: 20.10.1. Command-Line Syntax

building strings with { }: 28.4. Build Strings with { }

completion features: 28.6. Automatic Completion

command-specific completion: 28.6.3. Command-Specific Completion

editor functions for: 28.6.4. Editor Functions for Completion

Emacs: 19.6. Command Completion

Emacscommand completion (see command line)

filename completion: 28.6.1. General Example: Filename Completion

filename completion, ignoring file suffixes: 28.7. Don't Match Useless Files in Filename Completion

menu completion: 28.6.2. Menu Completion

editing on: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts

30.1. The Lessons of History

30.14. Shell Command-Line Editing

bash shell: 30.14.5. bash Editing

Emacs editing mode: 30.14.2. Emacs Editing Mode

ksh (Korn shell): 1.6. There Are Many Shells

30.14.4. ksh Editing

tcsh shell: 30.14.3. tcsh Editing

vi editing mode: 30.14.1. vi Editing Mode

zsh shell: 30.14.6. zsh Editing

executing commands with long list of files as arguments: 28.15. Handling Lots of Text with Temporary Files

finding last argument on: 36.9. Finding the Last Command-Line Argument

interactive applications, controlling with Expect program: 28.18. Expect

interpretation by shell: 1.4. Communication with Unix

multiline commands and secondary prompts: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts

parameters, unsetting: 36.10. How to Unset All Command-Line Parameters

parsing: 27.7. Wildcards Inside Aliases

repeating commands: 28.8. Repeating Commands

at set intervals: 28.11. Repeating a Time-Varying Command

copy and paste, using: 28.10. Repeating a Command with Copy-and-Paste

with variations: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop

reprinting wilth CTRL-r: 28.2. Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r

saving to file: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

sed editor: 34.3. Invoking sed

separating commands with semicolon (:): 28.16. Separating Commands with Semicolons

shortcuts: 28.1. What's Special About the Unix Command Line

string-editing (:) operators: 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

submitting for execution at a later time: 25.5. The at Command

too many arguments, dealing with: 28.17. Dealing with Too Many Arguments

command-line arguments

@ARGV array passed to Perl scripts: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

finding last: 36.9. Finding the Last Command-Line Argument

handling in Bourne shell scripts: 35.20. Handling Command-Line Arguments in Shell Scripts

for loops, using: 35.20.2. With a Loop

parsing: 35.25.4. Watch Your Quoting

parsing standard: 35.24. Standard Command-Line Parsing

of a process: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID

quoting: 35.25.4. Watch Your Quoting

37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

setting and parsing: 35.25.2. Setting (and Parsing) Parameters

starting with - (dash): 35.21. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop

35.25.2. Setting (and Parsing) Parameters

storing single-line string in: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS

tar, correct order for: 38.12. Getting tar's Arguments in the Right Order

testing with case statement: 36.25. Testing Two Strings with One case Statement

command-line parameters (see command-line arguments)

command search path (see search path)

command substitution: 27.12. Bourne Shell Quoting

28.1. What's Special About the Unix Command Line

28.14. Command Substitution

Bourne shell quoting and: 27.12.2. How Quoting Works

examples of: 28.14. Command Substitution

excluding files from rm command: 14.18. Removing Every File but One

find command output, using with: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree

in for loops: 35.21. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop

grep command, using in vi editor: 28.14. Command Substitution

nested: 36.24. Nested Command Substitution

commands

ampersand (&) character at the end of, putting into background with: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

awk utility, categories of: 20.10.2.2. Procedures

binding to keys: 30.14.3. tcsh Editing

built-in: 1.4. Communication with Unix

24.2. fork and exec

faster prompt setting with: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

combining with grouping ( ) operator: 43.7. The ( ) Subshell Operators

custom, creating: 29.1. Creating Custom Commands

Bourne-type aliases: 29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases

if-then-else, putting in C shell alias: 29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias

Korn shell aliases: 29.5. Korn-Shell Aliases

shell functions: 29.11. Shell Function Basics

sourceable scripts: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

zsh aliases: 29.6. zsh Aliases

default, specifying shell with #!: 27.3.6. Default Commands

displaying running commands: 26.3. What Commands Are Running and How Long Do They Take?

ex editor: 20.4. Useful ex Commands

exit status of: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

external, shell execution of: 27.2. How the Shell Executes Other Commands

filtering text through with vi editor: 17.18. Filtering Text Through a Unix Command

fmt command, neatening lines with: 17.28. Neatening Lines

finding where located: 2.3. whereis: Finding Where a Command Is Located

functions, working with: 29.11.5. Conclusion

history of: 30.1. The Lessons of History

in .exrc file for vi editor: 17.30. Setting Up vi with the .exrc File

interactive: 1.4. Communication with Unix

internal and external: 1.9. Internal and External Commands

interpretation by shells: 27.1. What the Shell Does

27.1. What the Shell Does

arguments passed to a script, showing: 27.5. Output Command-Line Arguments One by One

Bourne shell quoting: 27.12. Bourne Shell Quoting

C shell quoting: 27.13. Differences Between Bourne and C Shell Quoting

choosing built-in, external or shell functions in bash: 27.9. Which One Will bash Use?

choosing built-in, external, or shell functions in C shell: 27.10. Which One Will the C Shell Use?

evaluation of command line: 27.8. eval: When You Need Another Chance

executing external commands: 27.2. How the Shell Executes Other Commands

interactive use vs. shell scripts: 27.3.2. Interactive Use Versus Shell Scripts

overwriting files accidentally: 27.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files

quoting with here documents: 27.16. Here Documents

redirections: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?

running other programs: 27.3.1. How Shells Run Other Programs

search path for commands: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

wildcards in aliases: 27.7. Wildcards Inside Aliases

joining with pipes: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

in .logout file: 4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out

logout file, creating for Bourne and Korn shells: 4.18. Running Commands at Bourne/Korn Shell Logout

multiple control commands, while loops with: 36.14. A while Loop with Several Loop Control Commands

naming: 35.27. Picking a Name for a New Command

null: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement

PATH environment variable: 35.6. The PATH Environment Variable

periodic: 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

preprompt: 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

printed in parentheses by ps: 24.8. Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses

printing

without executing (:p operator): 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

System V: 45.2.2. lp-Style Printing Commands

putting names of into shell prompts: 4.9. A "Menu Prompt" for Naive Users

redefining with aliases, problems with: 29.8. Avoiding C-Shell Alias Loops

redirection (see redirecting input and output)

remote-login utilities: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions

repeating (see repeating commands)

running at login: 3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files?

running one while using another with shell escapes: 17.21. Shell Escapes: Running One UnixCommand While Using Another

search path: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

rehash command, updating with: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

search table (C shells), resetting: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

sed editor: 34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener

operations of: 34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener

sed, order of: 34.6. Order of Commands in a Script

sequences of, executing automatically with Emacs: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

standard input, reading: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

storing for startup of vi: 17.30. Setting Up vi with the .exrc File

Tcl: 28.18. Expect

typing at the shell prompt: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

versions: 35.2. Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming

versions of: 2.6. Which Version Am I Using?

vi editor

custom, creating: 18.2. Save Time and Typing with the vi map Commands

line vs. character: 17.26. vi Line Commands Versus Character Commands

commands ending with: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell

24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

commenting

: and #, beginning with: 36.2. The Story of : # #!

#, shell understanding of: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One

Bourne shell, using : in place of #: 36.6. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

for ease of use: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.

in zsh: 30.15. Changing History Characters with histchars

RCS files: 39.5. RCS Basics

shell scripts: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

smb.conf files: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

in X resource files: 6.3. X Resource Syntax

comments

in crontab entries: 25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

in Emacs editor: 19.7. Mike's Favorite Timesavers

in .exrc file for vi editor: 17.30. Setting Up vi with the .exrc File

lines in program comment block, cleaning up: 21.4. Clean Up Program Comment Blocks

committing modifications to CVS files: 39.7. CVS Basics

Common Unix Printing System (CUPS): 45.18. The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)

communicating with Unix: 1.4. Communication with Unix

communications utilities: 1.21. Unix Networking and Communications

compare, two most recent revisions of several RCS files: 39.6. List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs

comparing

file-times, exact comparisons: 9.8. Exact File-Time Comparisons

files: 10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files

cmp program, using: 11.7. cmp and diff

diff commands, using: 11.1. Checking Differences with diff

make program, using: 11.10. make Isn't Just for Programmers!

lines for uniqueness (uniq command): 21.20. What Is (or Isn't) Unique?

numbers: 37.3. Stop Syntax Errors in Numeric Tests

strings for pattern matching: 32.3. Understanding Expressions

word counts in two files: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc

complete command: 28.6.3. Command-Specific Completion

completion features of shells: 28.6. Automatic Completion

editor functions for: 28.6.4. Editor Functions for Completion

filename completion: 28.6.1. General Example: Filename Completion

ignoring file suffixes: 28.7. Don't Match Useless Files in Filename Completion

menu completion: 28.6.2. Menu Completion

Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN): 22.8. Sorting a List of People by Last Name

41.3. Compiling Perl from Scratch

Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (CTAN): 45.13. Formatting Markup Languages — troff, LATEX, HTML, and So On

compress command: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space

compressed files

encoding into 7-bit representation: 21.12.1. uuencoding

filename extensions: 1.12. Filename Extensions

manpage, finding with grep -Z: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages

tar archive: 38.2. tar in a Nutshell

tar utility, gzip and bzip2 utilities: 38.4. More Ways to Back Up

compressing a directory tree: 15.7. Save Space: tar and compress a Directory Tree

fine-tuning: 15.9. Compressing a Directory Tree: Fine-Tuning

compressing files: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space

compression

bzip2 utility: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space

GNU tar archives: 39.3. GNU tar Sampler

gzip, unpacking tar archives: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

tar archives, advantages and disadvantages: 38.5.4. To gzip, or Not to gzip?

Computer Emergency Response Team (see CERT)

concatenate (see cat command)

concatenating strings with . operator: 41.5.1. Scalars

concatenation in regular expressions: 32.3. Understanding Expressions

Concurrent Version System (see CVS)

conditional expressions (see expressions, conditional)

configuration files

bash shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

C shells, reading at different times: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?

configure.in file (Makefile.in): 40.4. Simplifying the make Process

daemons, rereading of: 24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script

etc/inetd.conf file: 51.1. Enabling Remote Access on Mac OS X

.exrc for vi editor: 17.30. Setting Up vi with the .exrc File

ifconfig, for network devices: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting

kernel, device lines from: 44.3. Basic Kernel Configuration

Korn shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

login shells, contents of: 3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files?

man (/etc/man.config): 2.1. The man Command

named.conf: 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)

pathnames in: 3.7. Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files

shells: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

automatic terminal setups: 3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals

C shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

.cshrc.$HOST file for per host setup: 3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup

system-wide setup: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

smb.conf: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

sources.list: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File

system: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

tcsh shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

for vi editor (.exrc): 17.5. Local Settings for vi

zsh shells: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

configuration information, manipulation in DoS attacks: 48.5. What We Mean by DoS

configure command: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

configuring

anonymous FTP server: 46.7. Configuring an Anonymous FTP Server

color ls: 8.6.2. Configuring It

devices, user-space tools for: 44.1. Quick Introduction to Hardware

filesystem mounts: 44.5. Filesystem Types and /etc/fstab

installed software packages: 40.5.6. Configuring Packages

kernel: 44.3. Basic Kernel Configuration

Message Transfer Agents (MTAs): 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP

modems: 44.10. Win Is a Modem Not a Modem?

network devices with ifconfig: 44.8. Network Devices — ifconfig

USB: 44.12. USB Configuration

workstations with DHCP: 46.10. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

configuring terminals: 5.1. There's a Lot to Know About Terminals

finding terminal settings with stty command: 5.7. Find Out Terminal Settings with stty

hung terminals, fixing: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

querying terminal type with qterm: 5.4. Querying Your Terminal Type: qterm

size of xterm windows: 5.5. Querying Your xterm Size: resize

terminal type, setting: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

xterm: 5.9. Working with xterm and Friends

copy and paste between windows: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

fonts changing dynamically: 5.18. Changing Fonts Dynamically

menus: 5.17. The xterm Menus

xclipboard: 5.19. Working with xclipboard

xterms, fonts selecting: 5.16. The Simple Way to Pick a Font

confirming

file deletions with rm -i: 14.6. Remove Some, Leave Some

substitutions in vi: 17.9. Confirming Substitutions in vi

connectivity: 46.1. TCP/IP — IP Addresses and Ports

configuring anonymous FTP server: 46.7. Configuring an Anonymous FTP Server

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): 46.10. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

diagnosing network problems with ping and traceroute: 46.4. Where, Oh Where Did That Packet Go?

DNS (Domain Name Service): 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)

/etc/services (database of well-known ports): 46.2. /etc/services Is Your Friend

firewalls: 46.12. Firewalls

gatewaying form personl LAN over a modem: 46.13. Gatewaying from a Personal LAN over a Modem

gateways and NAT: 46.11. Gateways and NAT

inetd file, managing Internet services: 46.5. The Director of Operations: inetd

mail: 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP

SSH (Secure Shell): 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)

status and troubleshooting: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting

TCP/IP addresses and ports: 46.1. TCP/IP — IP Addresses and Ports

consoles, serial: 44.14. Decapitating Your Machine — Serial Consoles

constant-width fonts: 5.16. The Simple Way to Pick a Font

5.18.1. VT Fonts Menu

in xterm: 5.18.1. VT Fonts Menu

constants, scalars defined as in Perl scripts: 41.5.1. Scalars

CONT (continue) signal: 24.10. What Are Signals?

context diffs: 11.3. Context diffs

continue command: 31.6. Loop Control: break and continue

35.23. Loop Control: break and continue

continue command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

control characters: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together

12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c

Emacs and: 19.10. Inserting Binary Characters into Files

ex and vi editors and: 18.6. Protecting Keys from Interpretation by ex

od -c command, displying with: 12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c

quoting in Emacs: 19.10. Inserting Binary Characters into Files

storing in shell variables: 37.8. Cleaning script Files

X event translations: 6.4. X Event Translations

controlling process: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

controlling terminal: 24.6. The Controlling Terminal

controlling tty, write command and: 24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script

Conway, Damian: 21.3. Alternatives to fmt

Cooper, Michael: 5.4. Querying Your Terminal Type: qterm

copy and paste

configuring xterms for: 5.13. Simple Copy and Paste in xterm

repeating command with: 28.10. Repeating a Command with Copy-and-Paste

in tty-type virtual consoles: 23.12.2. Scrolling, Using a Mouse

into windows running vi: 18.5. Keymaps for Pasting into a Window Running vi

copy command (ex): 20.4. Useful ex Commands

copying

archives, without asking for password: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

directory trees with tar and pipes: 10.13. Copying Directory Trees with tar and Pipes

everything you do into a file with script: 37.7. Copy What You Do with script

files: 10.1. What's So Complicated About Copying Files

10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files

between filesystems: 10.2. What's Really in a Directory?

ownership of copy: 50.3. Who Will Own a New File?

scp utility: 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)

files to different directories: 36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input

links: 10.12. Copying Directory Trees with cp -r

remote files, shortcut for: 28.4. Build Strings with { }

text with vi editor: 17.6. Using Buffers to Move or Copy Text

copying text

between xterm windows: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

button combinations for selecting in xterms: 5.13. Simple Copy and Paste in xterm

xclipboard, using in xterms: 5.19. Working with xclipboard

core dumps

eliminating entirely: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit

files, wildcard matching and: 33.4. What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match?

limiting file size: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit

QUIT signal, creating with: 24.11. Killing Foreground Jobs

core flavors of Unix: 1.3. The Core of Unix

corrupt files: 38.5.4. To gzip, or Not to gzip?

cos command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

count command: 37.9. Making an Arbitrary-Size File for Testing

counting, characters, lines, and words in files: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc

counting occurrences with vi editor: 17.15. Counting Occurrences; Stopping Search Wraps

count.it script: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc

cp command: 1.21. Unix Networking and Communications

1.21. Unix Networking and Communications

-p option: 50.15. How to Change File Ownership Without chown

exit status: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

i option: 10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files

cpio command: 38.13. The cpio Tape Archiver

cpio operator (find command): 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

cpio utility: 38.5.4. To gzip, or Not to gzip?

cps shell function: 29.14. Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases

CPU

listing usage by processes: 24.5. The ps Command

/proc/cpuinfo file: 24.9.5. A Glimpse at Hardware

CPU-bound process: 26.1. Timing Is Everything

lowering scheduling priority with nice: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

CPU time: 26.2. Timing Programs

create function (tar): 39.2. Using tar to Create and Unpack Archives

cron command: 12.11. GNU tail File Following

25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

cron daemon: 25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

cron system: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

crontab entries, adding: 25.3. Adding crontab Entries

execution scheduling: 25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

Expect scripts, using: 28.18.4. Other Problems

jobs, running on system environment: 25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

limiting file size: 15.5.2. Other Ideas

standard input, including in cron entry: 25.4. Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry

trash directory, cleaning out: 14.9. Safe Delete: Pros and Cons

crontab command: 25.3. Adding crontab Entries

crontab entries: 25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

adding: 25.3. Adding crontab Entries

editing: 25.3. Adding crontab Entries

example: 25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

removing: 25.3. Adding crontab Entries

time fields: 25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

crontab files: 25.2.1. Execution Scheduling

find commands, adding to: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

personal: 25.8. Avoiding Other at and cron Jobs

crontab system

Ðe option, finding your files with wrong permissions: 50.2.1. User, Group, and World

crontab.local file: 25.3. Adding crontab Entries

cryptdir script: 28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd

cryptography, keys, problems with on SSH: 51.6. Key and Agent Problems

csh (C shell)

at command output, quieting: 25.6. Making Your at Jobs Quiet

hangups, background processes and: 23.10. nohup

job control commands: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

limiting file size: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit

nice command

BSD Unix: 26.5.1. BSD C Shell nice

System V: 26.5.3. System V C Shell nice

PWD environment variable, Emacs and: 19.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs

quoting in scripts: 37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

shell variables, listing: 35.9. Shell Variables

stop command: 23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs

stty -tostop command, background jobs writing to terminal: 23.9. Stop Background Output with stty tostop

unlimit coredumpsize command: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit

wildcards, failing to match: 33.4. What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match?

.csh filename extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions

csh shell: 1.6. There Are Many Shells

csh time variable: 26.2. Timing Programs

.cshdirs file for tcsh shells: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

.cshrc file: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?

cd aliases in: 31.9. Quick cds with Aliases

color, setting in: 8.6. Color ls

if (! $?prompt) exit test: 3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test

multiline prompt showing directory stack: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

prompt setting: 4.7. Multiline Shell Prompts

set echo verbose command: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

tcsh shells, use of: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

.cshrc.$HOST file: 3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup

CSHRC_READ environment variable: 3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test

($?CSHRC_READ) prompt test: 3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test

csplit program: 21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit

-f option: 21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit

Ðs option: 21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit

CTAN (Comprehensive TEX Archive Network): 45.13. Formatting Markup Languages — troff, LATEX, HTML, and So On

ctime (change time for files): 8.2. The Three Unix File Times

ctime command, time conversion routines: 37.6. How Unix Keeps Time

-ctime operator (find command): 9.7. The Times That find Finds

CTRL - (to quit): 5.6.5. Aborting Programs

CTRL-c command

aborting programs: 5.6.5. Aborting Programs

canceling commands with: 30.14. Shell Command-Line Editing

INT signal, sending: 24.11. Killing Foreground Jobs

killing foreground job: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

CTRL-command, sending QUIT signal: 24.11. Killing Foreground Jobs

CTRL-d command

ending scripts: 37.7. Copy What You Do with script

exiting Bourne shell: 27.3.5. Bourne Shell Used Here

CTRL-d (end-of-input character): 24.4. Subshells

CTRL-g in Emacs, canceling entire operation: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

CTRL key, specifying with stty command: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

Ctrl-M character: 1.19. When Is a File Not a File?

CTRL-q command, killing processes: 24.18. Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process

CTRL-q command, restarting stopped output: 5.6.1. Output Stopped?

CTRL-q (Emacs quoting command): 19.10. Inserting Binary Characters into Files

CTRL-r (reprint) character: 28.2. Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r

CTRL-s command: 24.18. Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process

stopping output: 5.6.1. Output Stopped?

CTRL-v

escaping keys in vi mappings: 18.6. Protecting Keys from Interpretation by ex

temporarily disabling vi keymaps: 18.10. Typing in Uppercase Without CAPS LOCK

CTRL-x in Emacs macros: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

CTRL-z command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell

23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control

24.10. What Are Signals?

putting jobs in background: 5.6.3. Program Waiting for Input?

stopping a subshell: 24.4. Subshells

CUPS (Common Unix Printing System): 45.18. The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)

curl application: 40.8. The curl Application and One-Step GNU-Darwin Auto-Installer for OS X

40.8. The curl Application and One-Step GNU-Darwin Auto-Installer for OS X

current directory: 1.16. Making Pathnames

4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

10.2. What's Really in a Directory?

24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

advantages of: 31.3. What Good Is a Current Directory?

alias for, storing in shell variable: 31.12. Marking Your Place with a Shell Variable

determining group file ownership: 50.2.2. Which Group is Which?

finding: 31.4. How Does Unix Find Your Current Directory?

in C-shell status line: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

links to: 10.4.2. Links to a Directory

PWD environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

quick finds in: 9.26. Quick finds in the Current Directory

in shell prompts: 4.4. Simulating Dynamic Prompts

dirs command output, using: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

multiline C-shell prompt: 4.7. Multiline Shell Prompts

current job: 23.3. Using jobs Effectively

23.5. The "Current Job" Isn't Always What You Expect

current process, statistics on: 24.9.3. Statistics of the Current Process

cursor for xterm windows (see pointer)

cursors, moving in vi text-input mode without arrow keys: 18.11. Text-Input Mode Cursor Motion with No Arrow Keys

custom commands, creating: 29.1. Creating Custom Commands

Bourne-type aliases: 29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases

if-then-else, putting in C shell alias: 29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias

Korn shell aliases: 29.5. Korn-Shell Aliases

propagating shell functions: 29.13. Propagating Shell Functions

exporting bash functions: 29.13.1. Exporting bash Functions

FPATH search path: 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path

shell functions: 29.11. Shell Function Basics

functions calling functions: 29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials

loops, using: 29.11.2. Functions with Loops: Internet Lookup

simulating in Bourne shell: 29.14. Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases

sourceable scripts: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

zsh aliases: 29.6. zsh Aliases

customization

Emacs: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

19.7. Mike's Favorite Timesavers

and how to avoid: 19.3. Customizations and How to Avoid Them

searches: 19.8. Rational Searches

customizing, X Window System: 6.3. X Resource Syntax

cut command: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages

21.14. Cutting Columns or Fields

35.25.2. Setting (and Parsing) Parameters

36.23.2. Using echo with awk or cut

who command output, cutting: 28.14. Command Substitution

cutting and pasting text, between vi's: 17.24. Using vi Abbreviations as Commands (Cut and Paste Between vi's)

cvs

CVSROOT environment variable: 39.7. CVS Basics

39.8. More CVS

CVS_RSH environment variable: 39.8. More CVS

remote repositories: 39.8. More CVS

repositories: 39.8. More CVS

CVS (Concurrent Version Control) system: 20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One

CVS (Concurrent Version System): 39.7. CVS Basics

archiving files: 39.4. Managing and Sharing Files with RCS and CVS

cvs add command: 39.7. CVS Basics

cvs checkout command: 39.7. CVS Basics

cvs commit command: 39.7. CVS Basics

cvs diff: 39.7. CVS Basics

cvs import command: 39.7. CVS Basics

cvs init command: 39.7. CVS Basics

cvs log command: 39.7. CVS Basics

conflicting change, examining log message on: 39.8. More CVS

cvs remove command: 39.7. CVS Basics

cvs update command: 39.7. CVS Basics

cvsroot directory for archive storage: 39.7. CVS Basics

cvs diff command: 11.3. Context diffs

CVSROOT environment variable: 39.7. CVS Basics

39.8. More CVS

CVS_RSH environment variable: 39.8. More CVS

cwd shell variable: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

cwdcmd alias for tcsh shell status line updates: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

cx script: 50.8. cx, cw, c-w: Quick File Permission Changes

Copyright © 2003 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved.